Individualism in American Society free essay sample

The idea and practice of individualism has been subject to repressive desublimination in America. Repressive desublimination is when a hope, a need, that has been buried and denied by an oppressive system, is allowed some room to breathe, then co-opted and redirected back into a form that ultimately reinforces the oppressive system that denied and suppressed out hopes and needs in the first place. Humans need recognition of the self because they possess, as individuals, the capacity for reason and logic and people exist physically and mentally apart from one another, thus leading to different experiences and different perspectives. The human need for recognition of the self has been buried and denied by the ideology of collectivist society. In American society, the idea of the individual has been co-opted and redirected through the political, economic, and social ideologies back into a form known as corporatism that ultimately reinforces collectivist society. Works from the birth of the American literary tradition paint an image of what it means to be an American individual. We will write a custom essay sample on Individualism in American Society or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They also express the dangers and temptations encountered in pursuing individuality in a corporatist society and what happens when a person cedes their â€Å"self† to society. Already, with only these two options, we see no way out. But this way of thinking too is corporatist. Corporatism reduces society to the sum of its interests and places legitimacy in interest groups. However, â€Å"If everything is interest based then it is impossible to imagine that there could also be two positions, because everything moves from the idea of interest, from the truth of self-interest. † (Saul, 1996, p. 8) Who is the American individual? Above all else, the American individual is self-reliant and ruled by reason and intuition. They insist on themselves and never imitate. Ralph Waldo Emerson explains that the individual follows their intuition and instinct, â€Å"To believe in your own thought, to believe that what is true in your private heart, is true for all men, —that is genius. (Emerson, 1841, p. 533) One follows your own soul because it is connected to God. To follow anything but your own soul, your own intuition, is folly because people are â€Å"noble clay plastic under the Almighty effort† who’s role in life is to be a hand of Providence and â€Å"advance on Chaos and the Dark. † (1841, p. 534) However, most people do no t express their true selves, â€Å"We but half express ourselves, and are ashamed of that divine idea which each of us represents. † (1841, p. 533) Henry David Thoreau adds a rule to the logic of the individual. Thoreau’s major quarrel is with a government set up to serve him but which adamantly refuses to. The government cannot comprehend the idea of the public interest, only negotiating interest groups. Thoreau’s individual does not fight with other men or nations, nor do they make themselves seem better than anyone else. They like the idea of government but only if it serves them and they continuously look for reasons to support the government. However, if the government is not one of equality, one cannot support it with clear conscience. The individual should never be forced to resign their conscience to the legislator, â€Å"It is not desirable to cultivate a respect for the law, so much as for the right. † (Thoreau, 1849, p. 830) Thoreau also asserts the morality of the individual. One person’s right to throw a fist extends as far as another person’s nose. Or to use Thoreau’s metaphor, â€Å"If I devote myself to other pursuits and contemplations, I must first see, at least, that I do not pursue them sitting upon another man’s shoulders. I must get off him first, that he may pursue his contemplations too. † (1849, p. 34) The reason-based individual must neutralize their actions. It is not their duty to eradicate any enormous wrong but it is their duty to wash their hands of it. The American individual rejects collectivist society at every turn. They reject collective morality, religion, government, history, experts and their writings, and collective truth. To the American i ndividual, there is no greater authority than the â€Å"self. † Emerson observes that society never advances, â€Å"It recedes as fast on one side as it gains on the other. Its progress is only apparent†¦it undergoes continuous changes†¦for every thing that is given, something is taken. (Emerson, 1841, p. 548) Both Emerson and Thoreau see little virtue in the actions of masses of men. Thoreau expresses this in his tirade on voting, â€Å"I cast my vote, perchance, as I think right; but I am not vitally concerned that the right should prevail. I am willing to leave it to the majority. † (Thoreau, 1849, p. 833) He goes on to say that the right will only prevail when the majority is indifferent to the outcome. Thoreau also releases the individual from collective responsibility when he says, â€Å"I am not responsible for the successful working of the machinery of society. † (1849, p. 39) Emily Dickinson also proclaims the madness of the majority, the mob, â€Å"Much Madness is divinest Sense -/To a discerning Eye -/Much Sen se – the starkest Madness -/’Tis the Majority. † (Dickinson, 1890, p. 1216) Twain and Chopin also echo the words of Emerson and Thoreau. In Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Huck rejects many outshoots of collectivist thinking, such as organized religion, collective morality, experts and their writings, and the reverence for the past and future. In Chopin’s The Awakening, Edna Pontellier shows a disregard for organized religion and collective morality. The blatant disregard for organized religion (and perhaps the placement of morality in the individual) stems from America’s Puritan beginnings, as demonstrated in the work of Nathaniel Hawthorne. In The Minister’s Black Veil, Hawthorne highlights the hypocrisy of believers through Mr. Hooper’s black veil that symbolizes an open recognition of sin. He proclaims with his dying words, â€Å"’Why do you tremble at me alone? Tremble also at each other†¦when man does not vainly shrink from the eye of his Creator, loathsomely treasuring up the secret of his sin; then deem me a monster, for the symbol beneath which I have lived, and die! I look around, and lo! On every visage a black veil! ’† (Hawthorne, 1836, p. 631) Hypocrisy is also highlighted in another story of Hawthorne’s. Young Goodman Brown tells the story of a young man who attends a gathering of evil led by Satan. At this gathering he sees not only the low people of the village but also the most pious. He is exposed to the hypocrisy of all their secret sins and lives with this knowledge until his dying day. (Hawthorne, 1835) In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Huck develops his own code of morality and rejects collective morality and organized religion. Throughout the story, Huck struggles many times with the idea of turning his friend Jim in as a runaway slave. Collective morality demands this of him by saying he is hurting the widow by depriving her of her property, and also many other people he does not know will be hurt when Jim takes away his wife and children. Huck believes that if he defies collective morality, he will go to hell. In the end, his reason and love for Jim prevailed, â€Å"I was a trembling, because I’d got to decide, forever, betwixt two things, and I knowed it. I studied a minute, sort of holding my breath, and then says to myself: ‘Alright, then, I’ll go to hell. ’† (Twain, 1884, p. 162) The reader, through dramatic irony, recognizes this as Huck’s epiphany and his rejection of collective morality. Huck also rejects organized religion when he is living with the widow and Miss Watson. He decided not to try to make it to heaven because the Miss Watson would be there and it sounded awful boring. (Twain, 1884, p. 2) After an explanation about prayer, he decides it isn’t of any advantage to him so he gives it up. Twain, 1884, p. ) Huck also periodically rejects experts and their writings through the chastising of Tom Sawyer and his elaborate but unnecessary plans. He even equates Tom’s foolery with a Sunday school after Tom tells him of invisible elephants and Arabs. (Twain, 1884, p. 11) Huck also lives in the present. When the widow told him the story of Moses, she let out that it all happened a l ong time ago. Huck then lost interest because he â€Å"don’t take no stock in dead people. † (Twain, 1884, p. 2) Huck is following the idea that he alone can judge what is right for himself and religion has no part in it. Emerson avows following intuition because your soul, your aboriginal self, is immediately connected to God. God is within. Both Whitman and Dickinson propose a communion with nature as preferable to organized religion. Whitman, in Song of Myself gets naked with nature, as does Edna Pontellier in The Awakening. (Whitman, 1856) (Chopin, 1899) Both are shedding society off with each piece of clothing and entering Eden innocent once more. Rather than church, Dickinson attends the church in her backyard, â€Å"With a Bobolink for a Chorister -/And an Orchard, for a Dome. † (Dickinson, 1924, p. 1203) Another authority proclaimed greater than the self is the so-called experts and their books. Rebuffing these also includes a refusal to live in the past or the future or to take any other person’s word as truth without weighing it yourself. Huck Finn takes no stock in dead people. Tom Sawyer’s plans are foolhardy. Whitman tells his reader they will, â€Å"You shall no longer take things at second or third hand, nor look through the eyes of the dead, nor feed on the specters in books, /You shall not look through my eyes either, nor take things from me, /You shall listen to all sides and filter them from yourself. (Whitman, 1856, p. 1012) Emerson supports detecting original individual thoughts â€Å"more than the luster of the firmament of bards and sages. † (Emerson, 1841, p. 533) He also promotes the present over the past and future because he sees that, â€Å"Time and space are but physiological colors which the eye maketh, but the soul is light; where it is, is day, where it was, is night; and history is an impertinence and an injury, if it be anything more than a cheerful apologue or parable of my being and becoming. † (1841, p. 541) A common theme in the attainment of individuality is enlightenment. Emerson says, â€Å"Nothing can bring you peace but yourself. Nothing can bring you peace but the triumph of principles. † (1841, p. 550) The attainment of truth is central to enlightenment and Thoreau declares, â€Å"They who know of no purer sources of truth, who have traced up its stream no higher, stand, and wisely stand, by the Bible and the Constitution, and drink at it there with reverence and humility; but they who behold where it comes trickling into this lake or that pool, gird up their loins once more, and continue their pilgrimage toward its fountain-head. (Thoreau, 1849, p. 843) And so we come to Mrs. Pontellier, her awakening, and her struggle to attain individuality from the onslaught of societal responsibility. Edna struggles to protect her â€Å"self† from the expectations of her peers in Creole society and is never fully self-reliant. Edna awakens from her role as wife and mother to find her life unsatisfying. She pursues romantic interests and in the end, finds them unfulfilling. Edna’s personality is undetermined, as evidenced by her sudden mood swings and indecisiveness, especially when Alcee Arobin seduces her. Edna is not strong enough to live as an individual with the weight of society pressing down on her. Collective morality tells her to be a good mother, a good wife, and a sociable person. She is a member of the interest group of high-society women and she cannot escape it. Because she lives in a corporatist world, the idea more than one equally legitimate positions does not occur to her. She believes she can either live as an individual and become like Mademoiselle Reisz or fulfill her role as wife and mother like Madame Ratignolle. Chopin, 1899) In this situation, Emerson offers another option: â€Å"I shall endeavor to nourish my parents, to support my family, to be the chaste husband of one wife, -but these relations I must fulfill after a new and unprecedented way. I appeal from your customs. I must be myself. I cannot break myself any longer for you, or you. If you can love me for what I am, we shall be the happier. If you cannot I will seek to deserve that you should. I must be myself†¦if you are noble, I will love you; if you are not, I will not hurt you and myself by hypocritical attentions. (Emerson, 1841, p. 543) In this way, Edna could reconcile her love and responsibility to her children and also the fulfillment of her â€Å"self. † But Edna can only see two options. Feeling the pressure of collective morality but also the call of her â€Å"self† and her soul, she chooses to save her â€Å"self. † As she heads out towards the ocean, she understands what she meant when she said she would give her life for her children, â€Å"she would give up the unessential, but she would never sacrifice her self for her children. † (Chopin, 1899, Ch. 7) If Edna had been able to see more than two radical options, which i s impossible in a corporatist framework, she may have been able to reconcile her love for her children and her individuality. Edna would not allow the corruption of her soul, the corruption of her individual â€Å"self,† so instead she takes her own life to save herself. The current form of government in America invites the corruption of individualism. The government is ruled by the masses that possess no collective brain. The collectivist society forces individuals into interest groups that fight each other. Every decision is interest-based. Collectivism holds the belief that the individual has no rights and that the standard unit of reality is the community, the nation, the race, etc. The only way to convince people that their physical reality is of lesser importance than an imagined one is through supreme force and muscle and statism has always been the political outcome of collectivism. To create a corporatist society, three things must happen: 1. Transfer power directly towards economic and social interest groups. 2. Introduce entrepreneurial initiative in those areas normally reserved for public bodies. 3. Erase the divisions between the public interest and private interest. That is, question the very idea of the public interest. (Saul, 1996, p. 6) In this Platonist system, motivated by fear, legitimacy lies with the interest groups, not with the individual. Society is run on the basis of negotiations between groups, and when everything is run by the truth of self-interest the entire idea of the public interest is destroyed. This form of society, government, and decision-making stems from the Plato and the conservative idea that man must be controlled. J. R. Saul asserts that human beings live with a Socratic/Platonic tension, â€Å"The Socratic, was about the trust of the human. The Platonic about fearing the human. The Socratic was about legitimacy being based in the human. The Platonic was about legitimacy being based in groups, in interest groups, it was the father, or the mother, of the corporatist movement. † (Saul, 1996, p. 4) America has been organized into interest groups that betray the idea of individualism expressed so adamantly by the authors previously mentioned. To live in America, â€Å"to live in a corporatist society is to live in a Platonist society which is pyramidal, which is fear based, essentially, formalization of fear, if you like. It is not humanist. It betrays humanism, and it is not democratic. It betrays the basis of democracy and it denies the idea of tension, of equilibrium, because it requires absolute answers. † (Saul, 1996, p. 4) In a humanist democracy, the more you participate, the more you are an individual. The Socratic oral humanist tradition is doubt filled, always seeking equilibrium. Platonist ideology requires absolute answers, â€Å"It left really only the micro management for humans because everything else was already structured in a pyramidal sense in order to control society. Intelligence was narrowed and reduced in a sense to an idea of power. † (Saul, 1996, p. 4) Ayn Rand wrote, â€Å"Individualism regards man—every man—as an independent, sovereign entity who possesses an inalienable right to his own life, a right derived from his nature as a rational being. Individualism holds that a civilized society, or any form of association, cooperation or peaceful coexistence among men, can be achieved only on the basis of the recognition of individual rights—and that a group, as such, has no rights other than the individual rights of its members. † (Rand, 1963, p. 129) Emerson would refute the corporatist system as he does in Self-Reliance, â€Å"The objection to conforming to usages that have become dead to you, is, that it scatters your force. It loses your time and blurs the impression of your character. If you maintain a dead church†¦vote with a great party either for the Government or against it†¦under all these screens, I have difficulty to detect the precise man you are. And of course, so much force is withdrawn from your proper life. † (Emerson, 1841, p. 536) Thoreau also decried the corporatist system of interest groups when he wrote, â€Å"There will never be a really free and enlightened State, until the State come to recognize the individual as a higher and independent power, from which all its own power and authority are derived, and treats him accordingly. † (1849, p. 44) The organization of American society into a corporatist structure run by religious, political, ethnic, and other types of interest groups is a betrayal of the American spirit. As clearly shown in the works of Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Emily Dickinson, Walt Whitman, Mark Twain, and Kate Chopin, individual rights and the sovereignty of the â€Å"self† are the fo undation of America. While the country publicly proclaims the individual rights of its citizens in the democracy, it corrupts and reforms individualism to fit into the corporatist machine. While citizens think they are expressing their own opinions, corporatist society forces them into groups to vie for the attention of their fellow countrymen. Individualism has been subject to repressive desublimination in society and it is time the American public took their rights back. As J. R. Saul said in his lecture on corporatism, â€Å"the role of government as a mechanism of the public interest is not to protect the public. We don’t need protections as if we were children, in that sense, but one of the principle roles of government is to maintain a real stable form f public choice. † (1996, p. 20) As many authors from the birth of the American literary movement have written, there is little virtue in the action of masses. God and truth lies within. America is supposedly based on individual rights. Let the citizens use their democracy to make that statement true. Individuals must act because, â€Å"The more you participate the more you are an individual, that is how humanist democracy is built.

How Do I Submit Letters of Recommendation

How Do I Submit Letters of Recommendation SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Hopefully, you have the perfect teachers in mind to ask for your letter of recommendation. Once you’ve asked these teachers, how do you actually get theirletters to your colleges? This guide will go over everything you need to know about submitting your recommendation letters, whether you’re using the Common Application, a customized school application, and/or Naviance. To start, what are the options for submission? What Are YourOptions for Submitting Recommendation Letters? Technically, there are two options for submission: online or by mail. Note the use of â€Å"or†; colleges don’t want teachers to mix and match. In other words, schools don't want a single teacher to submit her ranking form online and then send her letter by mail. If she's submitting online, then she should submit everything online. If by mail, then everything should go by mail. Generally speaking, most students reading this will have their recommenders submit their letters online. Since you’re already doing more than enough with the college application process, you might be relieved to hear that you don’t actually have to submit your letters! Your teachers andcounselor are responsible for uploading the recletters to whatever system you’re using. What you are responsible for, though, is inviting them. Make sure you give them clear deadlines, send a reminder email, and double check that your schools received their letters. Whichever mode you’re using to apply - the Common Application, Universal Application, school-specific app, and/or Naviance software - you’ll assign your recommenders. The rest is up to them! In rare cases, your recommender might prefer or need to send her letter of recommendation by snail mail. This may be the case if you’re sending an extra supplemental recommendation, or if your school uses Naviance and you need to assign a recommender outside of your immediate school faculty. This method is usually fine, though not preferred, by colleges - just notify your college to expect the arrival of this document. As you can tell, there are various ways to apply, and,therefore, there are different ways to deliver your letters of recommendation to colleges. Let’s consider how exactly your recommenders will submit in a few different scenarios. How Do Your Recommenders Submit Their Letters Online? Online rec letter submission is generally a straightforward process. First, you invite, or â€Å"assign,† your recommenders. Then, your recommenders get an email prompting them to upload their letters. The main question you need to answer is what system you’re using to invite your recommenders, whether you’re applying viaan online school application, the Common App, Naviance, or a combination of all three. Let’s look at all these options, starting withschool-specificapplications. Scenario 1: Assign Recommenders Through Your School Application In this scenario, you’re applying to school through itsindividual online application system. Schools in the University of Texas system, for example,use their own applications and don’t participate in the Common App. If your college allows or requires recommendation letters, then it will have a page on which you can invite your recommenders. Typically you’ll be asked to fill in their first and last names, position (like English Teacher), and email address. The University of Texas application has its own "Document Upload System." If your college doesn’t want you to sendrecommendation letters, like University of California schools, then you won’t find this function on your application. Some school applications will also prompt you to respond to a question about FERPA. Generally speaking, you should go ahead and waive your right to view recommendation letters, as they’re expected to be confidential between letter writers and the admissions officers who read them. All of the aboveinstructions should workfor the Common Application too. The only difference is that you'll probably have to assign recommenders for more than one college. Scenario 2: Assign Recommenders Through the Common Application Your first step in completing the recommendation letter requirement through the Common Application is signing your FERPA waiver. Once you sign this, you’ll be able to invite recommenders. First, head to the â€Å"Colleges† tab. From there, you’ll be able to assign recommenders by each individual college on your list. Each school, by the way, customizes its own page. If your school requires two teacher recommendations, for example, then you’ll see space to invite two teacher recommenders. Many schools also allow you to assign one or two â€Å"Other Recommenders.† This space is for letters beyond the requirements. Before sending any supplemental letters, check to learn your colleges’ stance: some colleges actively discourage the submission of extra materials. Once you invite your recommenders, your teachers will receive emails prompting them to submit their letters. Your recommenders are responsible for uploading their recs by the stated deadlines. Conveniently, you’ll see a status change once your letters are uploaded (usually yellow means not yet, and green means you’re good to go!). While your letters will be attached to your application, they won’t actually get sent to your colleges until you hit submit and pay the application fees (or use a fee waiver). That means that the final step of actually getting your letters to the admissions committee is ultimately in your hands. While inviting your recommenders through your online applications is a simple process, it’s not actually how you’ll sendyour letters if your high school uses the e-docs delivery software, Naviance. Read on to learn how Naviance links up to your applications to collect required documents, like your recommendation letters. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. Scenario 3: Assign Recommenders Through Naviance / Family Connection Many high schools use the college e-docs software program Naviance. Your counselor controls one end of Naviance from her account, and you control and access another part with yours (called Family Connection). Naviance lets you search for colleges and keep track of deadlines and submitted documents. At the same time, your counselor can upload documents, like the secondary school report and school transcript. Your Naviance account and all the documents it collects, including your recommendation letters, will sync up to your Common Application and any other school applications that accept e-docs. If you are using the Common Application, you’ll need to â€Å"match† your Common App and Naviance accounts. You’ll enter the name of your high school on the Common App and sign the FERPA waiver. Once you’ve done this, your â€Å"Assign Recommenders† page should look like this: As you can see, you won’t actually be inviting your recommenders through the Common Application. Instead, you’ll invite your recommenders directly through Naviance. Since your Naviance account is directly connected to your high school, you can just select your teacher recommenders from a drop down list that has all the teachers in the school. You simply choose the teacher and add a personal note, making sure to indicate which colleges you want her to write letters for. While this process makes it easier on you - you don’t have to collect your teachers’ first and last names and email addresses - it also has some limitations. Can you see what they are? Limitation of Naviance: Supplemental Recommendations Instead of manually entering your teachers’ contact info, as described above, Naviance asks you to select your teachers from a drop down menu. While this makes your teacher recommendations easy to request, it doesn’t allow you to ask anyone outside of your school’s faculty. Some students wish to send supplemental recommendations, like from a private music teacher, coach, or supervisor. Others may have switched high schools and want to ask a teacher from their previous school, or perhaps one who recently retired and has been removed from the drop down list of current faculty. If any of these scenarios apply to you, then you’d have to invite your external recommender through your online application. If you find yourself exceeding the number that your application allows, then you could print out the evaluation form and have your recommender send her documents by mail. (Of course, exercise caution about sending too many extra letters!) This process may sound a bit complicated, but once you sit down at your computer, you’ll actually find it to be pretty intuitive. You’ll either assign recommenders through your online applications, or you’ll choose them through Naviance. Finally, you may have some recommenders who have full-fledged technophobia and insist on sending their letters by mail. While not preferred by colleges, this method is actually pretty easy. How to Submit Recommendations Through Mail Despite rumorsof a shutdown a few years ago, the post office is still going strong and available to deliver your orange envelopes to colleges. If your recommender wants to send a hard copy, make sure to print out any ranking form that needs to accompany the evaluation letter. Then give your recommender a pre-stamped, pre-addressed envelope. Typically, these envelopes should be sent to the school’s undergraduate admissions office. As with all your recommenders, make sure this teacherknows your deadlines, and follow up with her to check thatshe sent it in. Don’t worry if this package arrives before you submit your application. The college will start a file on each applicant and collect any materials that arrive within that file before eventually sitting down to review it as a complete application. Since there are a few different options, let’s review the key stepsthat you need to know for submitting your recommendation letters. How to Assign Recommenders: An Overview You may find yourself using a school application and/or the Common Application to apply. Additionally, you may also have a Naviance account connected to your school. Without Naviance, you simply invite your recommenders directly through your online applications by providing their full names, positions, and email addresses. With Naviance, you’ll need to sync up your applications and invite your recommenders through your Naviance account, manually indicating which colleges you want them to write letters for. If you run into any technical difficulties through the process, make sure to speak to your counselor about troubleshooting. The most common place that students get stuck is the FERPA waiver. Until you’ve completed that step, you can’t move onto your recommendation requests. Apart from inviting your recommenders, is there anything else you need to do in your quest for great evaluations? What Else Do You Need to Do? Besides choosing your teacher recommenders carefully, make sure to ask well in advance of deadlines - at least a month before, if not in the spring of your junior year. Send them a reminder email - perhaps masquerading as a thank you note - about a week before your deadlines, and sign into your application and/or Naviance accounts tomake sure they’ve uploaded their recommendations. Finally, make sure to thank your recommenders for all their help in getting into college! What's Next? Now that you know how to submit your recommendation letters, make sure you understand what separates the great letters from the forgettable ones. Check out this full guide on what makes a good recommendation letter and what makes one not so effective. A lot of your colleges of interest might participate in the Common Application. Check this full list of Common App schools to see if yours allows this convenient option. For more on the step by stepprocess of applying to college, from choosing your high school classes to taking campus tours, take a look at this detailed guide. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Crumbs bakeshop Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Crumbs bakeshop - Assignment Example Due to this philosophy Crumbs Bake Shop is successfully increasing its customers and is becoming a respected and recognized brand of US. Marketing Strategy of Crumbs Bake Shop consist on internet, radio, television and newspaper advertisement along with in-store efforts. Crumbs invests sufficient amount of money for its promotion, brand differentiation, and brand recognition. Crumbs believes that it is the leader in the market of gourmet cupcakes and makes every possible steps to market itself as perfect store of choice for delicious and attractive cupcakes (Randazzo, 2014). CULTURE: USA is a multicultural state but all its cultures love baked products and this is one of the reasons of Crumbs Bake Shop’s success. People of US likes delicious backed products of Crumbs Bake Shop and by fulfilling customers’ demands the company is successfully growing. SOCIETY: The western society is food loving society especially backed food. The society demands cupcakes and other bakery items and Crumbs Bake Shop knows how to meet customers’ changing demands (Moyer, and  Sullivan, 2014). High consumption of bakery food by US’s society creates more opportunities for Crumbs Bake Shop. One of the greatest strengths of Crumbs Bake Shop is its wide variety of cupcakes. It offers more than 50 different types of cupcakes to its customers (Peterson, 2014). The irresistible and delicious items in its menu delight customers and are one of the main reasons for customer retention. Another strength of Crumbs is its online availability; anyone can buy cupcakes from Crumbs Bake shop online. The major weakness of the company is its limited cash reserves. A growing food chain requires extensive amount of money to meet the expenses but unavailability of cash creates problems for the company. Increasing of too many retail shops within short time period and poor management policies are also a weakness

How does underwater birth affect neonatal health and well being Essay

How does underwater birth affect neonatal health and well being - Essay Example Naturally, this procedure of birth requires a large accumulation of water like a pool or a tub, which can be utilized as an effective receptive medium of labor (Cluett, Burns, 2011, p.2). Water birth represents a unique way of giving birth and marks a departure from the traditional labor procedure. People have been curious to know the effectiveness and success of this new process. For this purpose, there have been numerous studies and researches undertaken to find out the effects of water birth on the pregnant women and also on the newborn infants. For expectant mothers, giving birth in water is considered to a much more gentle process than the conventional labor method lying on a bed. Studies have shown that water birth enhances maternal relaxation, decreases the analgesia requirements and encourages the women to easily adopt a model of care for their newborns. However, the benefits of the water birth process on neonatal health have not yet been so emphatically established. There is still a lot of discussion and research being undertaken on the impact of water birth on the health of the babies born by this method. This literature review has attempted to examine the information available on this topic. Women from across the world often opt for water birth as this eases the process of labor. However, they should also be made aware of the impacts on this method on the health condition of the new born infants. This would help expectant mothers to make an informed decision regarding a suitable procedure of giving birth. The findings of the different reviews are expected to provide conclusive results on the relevant subject. The existing research work will be examined and evaluated to find out whether there exist valid inferences which can help expecting women to make a prudent decision regarding their own health and that of their newborn children. (Ros, 2009, p.36) The

Marketing Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing Assignment - Essay Example Successful differentiation gives the firm a competitive advantage as customers will look at the products as superior and unique and can be achieved in various ways. This paper will first detail eight ways to differentiate product offerings, and then concentrate on packaging the product in a more creative manner and incorporating new functional features into the product or product innovation. Strategies for Product Differentiation One way to differentiate products is via product innovation by adding functions or features into a product and commanding a higher price (Trout & Rivkin, 2012: p 34). These features can be added through acquiring or licensing complementary feature sets or by using the firm’s in-house team for product development. Another way to differentiating products is through packaging. At times, all it takes to differentiate or re-energize a product is via changing the packaging. This was very effective when it was used in collaboration with another product and d elivered in an innovative manner. While this method does not have enough value to change a consumer’s life, the manner of packaging offers more convenience allowing them to charge more (Trout & Rivkin, 2012: p 45). A firm could also pursue other market niches in areas that are unsophisticated (Trout & Rivkin, 2012: p 67). ... Yet another product differentiation strategy is via the generation of referrals. A firm, in this case, helps to cultivate referrals and create sales models around the type of selling that are consultative while being less confrontational (Trout & Rivkin, 2012: p 76). In a competitive market, prospects referred by happy customers will be inclined to buy products. This can be achieved by offering incentives to current customers in the hope they will send referrals. Other firms will offer increased service as a means of product differentiation. They combine superior service with a commodity product that helps to differentiate this commodity. Through re-defining their service, the firm, redefines the playing field and offers a home-court advantage since other competitors do not use this combination while they charge a premium for the product. Another strategy is via figuring out what they can guarantee. Since the firm has to deliver on expectations from the client or refund them, they wi ll offer an upfront guarantee (Trout & Rivkin, 2012: p 87). A firm could guarantee their clients that their prices are the best, and offer to refund their money if they find cheaper items of the same quality elsewhere. Since the customer has not time to compare prices, they will buy this product because the price is guaranteed to be the lowest. Firms could also collaborate with complementary service or product providers when their product does not stand by itself as a unique offering. Both entities benefit from this arrangement, for instance, the HBO’s partnerships with motels to show their movies allows HBO to have exclusive viewership in these motels while the motels benefit from showing exclusive movies. Finally, a firm could also employ their hidden assets as a

Defining And Understanding Reflective Practice

Defining And Understanding Reflective Practice Reflective Practice was introduced by Donald Schà ¶n in his book The Reflective Practitioner in 1983; however, the original idea of reflective practice is much older. John Dewey was one of the first American philosophers /psychologists to write about Reflective Practice, with his exploration of experience, interaction and reflection. Other researchers, such as Kurt Lewin, Jean Piaget, William James and Carl Jung were developing theories of human learning and development. Deweys works inspired Donald Schà ¶n and David Boud to explore the boundaries of reflective practice. Central to the development of reflective theory was interest in the integration of theory and practice, the cyclic pattern of experience and the conscious application of that learning experience. For years, there has been a growing literature and focus around experiential learning and the development and application of Reflective Practice. Donald Schà ¶ns 1983 book introduces concepts such as reflection on action and reflection in-action where professionals meet the challenges of their work with a kind of improvisation learned in practice. Reflective Practice has now been widely accepted and used as developmental practices for organizations, networks, and individuals. As Boud et al states: Reflection is an important human activity in which people recapture their experience, think about it, mull it over and evaluate it. It is this working with experience that is important in learning. Reflective Practice can be seen and has been recognized in many teaching and learning scenarios, and the emergence in more recent years of blogging has been seen as another form of reflection on experience in a technological age. Reflective Practice is paying critical attention to the practical values and theories which inform everyday actions, by examining practice reflectively and reflexively. This leads to developmental insight. The importance of reflecting on what you are doing, as part of the learning process, has been emphasised by many investigators. Reflective Observation is the second of the Kolb learning cycle. Reflective practice is an active process of me witnessing my own experience in placement in order to take a closer look the way I progress or where I may be weak at something and to explore it in greater depth. This can be done in the middle of an activity or as an activity in itself. The main thing about reflection is learning how to take a perspective on my own actions and experience. By developing my ability to explore and be curious about my own experiences and actions. Where I can open up the possibilities of purposeful learning. The purpose of reflection is to allow the possibility of l earning through experience, whether that is the experience of a meeting, a project, a disaster, a success, a relationship, or any other internal or external event, before, during or after it has happened (Amulya, Joy What is Reflective Practice? The Centre for Reflective community Practice). Certain kinds of experiences create particularly different opportunities for learning through reflection. Struggles provide a window onto what is working and what is not working and may often serve as effective tools for analysing the true nature of a challenge that I may face. Some struggles show a problem, which can provide a good source of information about a clash between my values and my approach to getting something done. Reflecting on my experiences of uncertainty helps shed light on areas where an approach to my work is not fully specified. Positive experiences offer good sources of learning. For example, doing and thinking are very helpful in revealing what was learned and how successfu l it turned out to be. Breakthroughs can also instruct on an emotional level. By locating why and when we have felt excited or fulfilled by an experience, I can gain insight into the conditions that allow my creativity to expand. Now I can become more purposeful not just about my learning but about how to work in more creative and sustaining ways. Reflective practice is simply creating a habit, structure, or routine around studying an experience. A practice for reflection can vary in terms of how often, how much, and why reflection gets done. Reflection can also vary in depth from simply noticing present experience to deep examination of past events. Reflection can be practiced at different frequencies: every day, every week or even months. When on placement I think it would be important for me to have reflection on a weekly basis with my assigned supervisor, as daily would be a lot more repetitive and monthly would be too far apart especially as it my first time in this setting. I can think of many benefits when using reflective practice in my work placement. First, because Im in the business of protecting young people. I need to be clear that I do protect the young people and myself when I am in my work placement. A bit of thought and planning may now be of huge benefit later. Something that I have found through studying this subject in the last year is that reflection seems to create a certain clarity and sense of safety around this area of work I am going in to. The log I will use is a very safe way of offloading and debriefing I, as well as discussions with colleagues and managers. It enables me to avoid stress and it helps me to move forward from worry and frustration at service users, colleagues and departments. It helps me to understand why I feel this way, why it needs to be this way, and how what I do could potentially change this situation positively. Id use this to change my negative energy to positive. By doing this I can go a long way toward keep ing well at my placement, which can affect the service delivery and ultimately the way in which I do my business with the young people. The constant weight of handling issues and prioritization is a concern as a future youth worker I worry about going in to placement. It is easy to get caught in the overwhelming feeling of loads in paperwork, young people with high needs, and balancing everyday tasks. When I feel this way, I need to down for myself and briefly run through my priorities, I can look at how I can work smarter, maybe delegate tasks to young people or their families, therefore empowering them and including them in planning for the young people. We can look at how we can establish a work-life balance, while still getting through all tasks and complying. A balance is possible with some thought, care and of course the policies in place, which supports work-life balance and understands its importance in terms of overall success and health of its work force and work practices . Instead of finding myself bogged down with constraints, if Im serious about my role as youth worker, I can truly focus on the young people I will serve and what would be in the best interests for them young, even if what I think would be the best solution is not unlikely. The benefits of reflection in terms of collaborative practice with other agencies and wider communities open many doors to my understanding of roles and responsibilities, and it can be critical in removing boundaries and stopping me from blaming others. Its my personal responsibility to do my reflection, for speaking up and letting people know what I think and why through this process. Another part of reflection is being able to use the criticism that I may face and utilize it. So I can turn the situation on its head, and learn something positive from it. Instead of being defensive and subjective. In conclusion, the importance of critical and reflective practice is difficult to measure and often under-estimated, yet it is crucial to our professional and personal development. More important, I feel that reflection helps and prepares me to be accountable and responsible for the very difficult decisions and challenges we often face in child protection and allows us to make good choices and have better outcomes for young people. References Redmond, Bairbre. (2004) Reflection in Action Developing Reflective Practice in Health and Social Services. Aldershot, England: Ashgate Share, P. Lalor, K. (2009) Applied Social Care (2nd Ed). Dublin: Gill Macmillan Thompson, N. (2009) People Skills. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan What is Reflective Practice? Joy Amulya, Centre for Reflective Community Practice, Massachusetts Institute of Technology http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/reflecti.htm (3/11/10/) http://www.ukcle.ac.uk/resources/personal-development-planning/introduction (7/11/10) http://www.mftrou.com/support-files/kolb-learning-style-inventory.pdf (7/11/10) http://www.itslifejimbutnotasweknowit.org.uk (11/11/10)

The Media Dumbs Us Down Essay -- The Dumbing Down of America

The rise of media in our society has many effects on the consumers of the media. Many people propose the question: is this media making us dumber? Today there are a lot more forms of media available to people today. Through the media outlets of television and news, internet and user-generated content, and social media, people have many options as to where they receive their media. As a whole, the mass media dumbs down society, through their attempt to keep up with the changing of times and reach large masses of people. It is up to the consumer of the media what type they want to partake in. How do media compete in such an environment? The only way to compete is to go with it. To become it, and to help it. New forms of mass media is happening, will happen, and will not stop because we are a constantly changing society. The media tries to put a new spin on media that combines older media techniques with a new more advanced form of media that attempts to reach all of society. Even tho ugh they are effective at reaching mass crowds of viewers, and reaching people who may not have ever engaged in issues, they dumb down society by limiting the thoroughness of information presented. The dumbing down is usually applied as a derogatory term that refers to the simplifying of a subject towards the lowest common denominator. Americans consume large amounts of media. The average American spends half or their day watching hours of television, or listening to some sort of mass media. According to Shachtman author of The Inarticulate Society: Eloquence and Culture in America, â€Å"most Americans watch thirty hours of television a week, or 1,550 hours a year, listen to the radio 1, 160 hours a year, spend 180 hours a year reading some part of a ne... ...al_media_stats_kagan_fisch_mcleod Carr, N. (2008, Jul. - Aug.). Is google making us stupid?. The Atlantic, 1. Retrieved February 14, 2012, from http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2008/07/is-google-making-us-stupid/6868/ Shachtman, T. (1995). Extracurricular Educators. The inarticulate society: eloquence and culture in America (pp. 95-142). New York: Free Press. Sommerville, C. J. (1999). How the news makes us dumb: the death of wisdom in an information society. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press. Wolf, M. (2007). Proust and the squid, the story and science of the reading brain. New York, NY: Harpercollins. YDSTIE, J. (2007, June 16). Does the internet undermine culture? : NPR. NPR : National Public Radio : News & Analysis, World, US, Music & Arts : NPR. Retrieved February 10, 2012, from http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=11131872

Air Force One Movie Review

Air Force one is movie released way back in 1997. It is about how a president was able to save himself, family, and allies from the people who hijacked his plane. In the world of terrorism, the USA president, James Marshall portrayed by Harrison Ford, takes a stand against evil and as a consequence his plane was hijacked by a group of terrorists lead by Ivan Korshunov portrayed by Gary Oldman. They want to negotiate and have their leader General Ivan Radek released from prison.The movie starts with some signs of terrorism and attacks of the president then when everything was amended and the president was on his way back to America with his family, secretaries, and his members. A group of terrorist who plans to hijack the plane disguised as press and was able to board the plan along with a spy who works with them. They started killing the escorts and security personnel of the president then declared them as hostage. The president immediately went to a secure emergency pod guided by hi s people but further into the story it was revealed that he didn’t leave the plane.He stayed there to save his fellow people and family. He then planned what to do to save them. He started by slowly killing each terrorist that goes down in the basement of the plane as he tries to connect to the white house to strategize on what to do and get help from the outside. And indeed he was successful and he was able to tell his team what to do and his team followed. There were a lot of fight scenes as he tries to win against the bad guys and despite of many obstacles he remained calmed, always thinking of the next step and never giving up hope.The president was indeed a remarkable leader because of how he handled the situation. He stayed in the plane which shows his selflessness and because he knows that if he stayed there the chances of having more people saved is higher. As he was thinking of ways to get out of the plane it showed his intelligence like in one of the scenes that he realized that he has to land the plane no matter what and to do that he has to drain the fuel. When that didn’t work when the plane was being refuelled mid air the plane dropped to a certain level and he was able to free the hostages by releasing them with parachutes.In the white house his members and the vice president was doing really well following his orders. The vice President Kathryn Bennett portrayed by Glenn Close was very loyal to the president and as a leader herself she stick to the rules that they don’t negotiate with terrorists and she believed in the president that the plan will work out. The president was able to establish direction, align people to understand strategies and accept their validity, he was able to motivate and inspire and in the end he was able to create change for the betterment of the nation.

Women of Greece essays

Women of Greece essays If you were a woman how would you rather be treated? If you are the relaxed, dependent type, perhaps you would find the life of the typical Athenian woman agreeable. Athenian women spent most of their lives indoors doing mostly domestic activities. But if you are an independent type of lady, who enjoys exercise, not overly modest, and do not mind sharing your bed with more than one man, then you would probably enjoy the life of a Spartan woman. The basic similarity between the lives of the women in these two city-states was that they had the same overall role: bearing strong children. The soldier-centered state was the most liberal state in regards to the status of women. Women did not go into military training but they were educated in a similar fashion. Their daily life was spent outside doing physical training. The women were required to do physical training just as vigorous as the males of Sparta; contests of running and strength existed for each sex. The motive for these physical activities for the women was so that they would be able to be strong mothers. The state determined if children, male and female, were strong or weak. Weakling children were left in the hills to die of exposure. In Alkmans Partheneia, the women of Sparta were permitted to exercise nude, which supposedly added to their beauty. The contests were where young men could see were intended to incite men to marry. The upbringing of an Athenian woman was quite different. Her status in Greek society was just a small step above slaves. At birth an Athenian girl was not expected to learn how to read, write, or even earn an education. Menander commented on the teaching of reading and writing to women, What a terrible thing to do! Like feeding a vile snake on more poison. They had no legal or political rights. They spent most of their day inside in the womens quarters. Training in household skills was considered the only edu...

Fiction Charles Dickens Hard Times Essay Example

Fiction Charles Dickens Hard Times Essay Example Fiction Charles Dickens Hard Times Essay Fiction Charles Dickens Hard Times Essay Essay Topic: Hard Times The Time Machine Home GCSE English English Literature Prose Fiction Charles Dickens Hard Times Page 1Zoom in Page 1 2 3 4 5 Next Level: GCSE Subject: English Word count: 3142 Save View my saved documents Submit similar document Share this Hard Times explore several issues from Dickenss point of view on Victorian Society, including education, marriage, industrialisation, the relationship between the middle class and the working class, and how Dickens uses different methods and techniqu Download this essay Print Save GCSE HARD TIMES An extract from this document Hard Times In the novel Hard Times, Dickens reveals the Victorian Society as apathetic, harsh and depressing. Both the environment and characters are shown to be dark, dull and drab. Dickens uses a variety of techniques to show these. I am going to explore several issues from Dickenss point of view on Victorian Society, including education, marriage, industrialisation, the relationship between the middle class and the working class, and how Dickens uses different methods and techniques to present all these. I will refer to chapters one, two, five, eleven and fifteen while discussing all these different aspects. In chapter 2, Murdering the Innocents, the title immediately tells us that someone is going to react in a certain attitude towards someone else. This is an effective way to start the chapter as it gives a hint to the reader about what will happen in the chapter. Dickens is basically trying to show us as the reader how boring and demanding life was at school in Victorian Society in this chapter. He uses phrases like Girl number twenty unable to define a horse! : And Bitzer, your definition of a horse to show how the pupils were being treated by Mr Gradgrind. Mr Gradgrind is described as dictatorial and square which means that he is a tyrannical person and he likes to order people to do things for him because he thinks he has more power than other people. A good example of this is when Mr Gradgrind talks to Sissy Jupe. He asks her for her name and when she replies, he immediately changes her name for her dont call yourself Sissy, call yourself Cecilia. This shows exactly how strict and harsh time was for the pupils. Dickens has chosen the characters very carefully in this novel like the name Mr Gradgrind it basically means he grinds on and on and on about things just like the way he teaches his students. He created this character because he is wanting us to react in a certain emotion and feeling. A good example of this is when Gradgrind talks to Louisa about the marriage proposal, You have been well trained, you are not impulsive, you are not romantic, you are accustomed to view everything from the strong dispassionate ground of reason and calculation. From that ground alone, I know you will view and consider what I am going to communicate. This tells us how Gradgrind brings up Louisa and how hard life is for her. He always tries to fill the pupils with facts waiting to be filled so full of facts and he also tries to take all their imagination and excitement away. When Bitzer explains the definition of a horse quadruped, graminivorous, forty teeth, namely twenty four grinders, four eye teeth and twelve incisive. Here Dickens is trying to show us how the students are being taught and trained by Mr Gradgrind. They are all brought up with facts, facts and facts and they eventually become not impulsive and with no imagination at all. Dickens totally hates the education policy in Victorian Society; he gives a few examples of showing this. In the first paragraph in chapter 1, Dickens shows straight away that life was a misery for the pupils now what I want is Facts. Teach these boys and girls nothing but facts! Facts alone are wanted in life. Plant nothing else and root out everything else. This is the principle of which I bring up my own children and this is the principle on which I bring up these children. This dialogue from Mr Gradgrind automatically shows that he doesnt like anything apart from facts and that he is trying to make all these pupils including his own children to follow his footsteps, Facts alone I wanted in life is what Mr Gradgrind believes and tells his students. Another point Dickens tries to tell us is that the pupils dont have their own freedom and individuality, they are known as different numbers instead of their name, girl number 20! This suggests to us that they are being trained and looked after like animals in a zoo. The setting Dickens has chosen in this chapter is in a very plain and dull classroom described as, plain, bare, monotonous vault of a school room This is not a good place for education as it is dull, ray of sunlight which, darting in at one of the bare windows of the intensely whitewashed room. Dickens uses all these different techniques to express his views on education. Dickens shows us that Mr Gandgrind is a bit selfish, demanding and aggressive. He only looks at one point and believes he is always right and other people are wrong, with a rule and a pair of scales, ready to weigh and measure any parcel of human nature and tell you exactly what it comes to. Dickens has used this phrase to describe Mr Gradgrind, and it is a very effective phrase because it creates an image in our heads of how demanding he is and how obsessed with facts he is. Mr Gradgrind thinks his way of educating is excellent but really, he is destroying all the students precious lives and his own children as well, he keeps them in a small private study room and never allows them to see the real world. An example of this is when Louisa and Tom goes and visits the circus, peeping at the circus. Dickens is trying to suggest that Louisa and Tom are sick of their lives and they really want to visit the outside world. They have no other friends at all apart from each other and they can not communicate with any other people outside their house or class, I am sick of my life, Loo. I hate it altogether and I hate everybody except you! This shows how dull and boring their lives were and how bad they were brought up by Mr Gradgrind. When Mr Gradgrind finds out that they were in the circus, he was very furious because he thought circuses were foolish things and wasnt anything to do with facts, Thomas and you to whom the circle of the science is open; Thomas and you, who may be said to be replete with facts; Thomas and you, who have been trained to mathematical exactness; Thomas and you here! In this degraded position! Yet, he is still talking about facts when he is telling them to go home! Dickens really puts a picture in the readers mind that Mr Gradgrind is totally obsessed with FACTS and he finds nothing else interesting or entertaining. Because of Gradgrinds obsession with facts, this has leaded on a huge effect on Louisa. When Louisa got older and older, she became more dispassionate. Even when a marriage proposal was being made, she act as though she didnt care about it and marriage was a huge commitment. Dickens shows an interesting point on marriage. He suggests to us that life was unfair for people who got married and wished to get divorced because there were strict laws to punish them and he also shows that marriage wasnt about real love in many cases. Dickens shows this by using phrases like, there is a law to punish me when Stephen Blackpool asks for advice about ending a marriage with Mr Bounderby because he is sick of his wife and he can not stand it anymore, I cannot beart nommore! Blackpool tries very hard to get divorced and he even pays his wife a lot of money to keep her away from him, I ha paid her to keep awa fra me but it never worked because she kept coming back and coming back. Dickens is trying to suggest that there is no love at all in their marriage and that Stephen Blackpool is really suffering from marriage. Another reason why Blackpool wants to get divorced is so that he could marry Rachel instead, he wishes to be free, to marry the female whom he speaks Dickens is showing us how much Stephen Blackpool loves Rachel here. After the conversation between Blackpool and Bounderby, Bounderby could not help him because Stephen needed a lot of money on order to get divorced and Bounderby wouldnt lend him the money. This chapter reveals that Mr Bounderby is a very law abiding citizen and that he wont go out of his way to help other people. Another interesting point that Dickens suggests about marriage is when Mr Gradgrind talks to Louisa about the marriage proposal. When she hears the news from Gradgrind, she had no emotion at all, she never said a word and without any visible emotion. This suggests that she doesnt care who she gets married to even to the person she hates the most, a good example of this is when Mr Bounderby kisses Louisa on the cheek (Chp 4) and when he left, she immediately rubbed her cheeks furiously, you may cut the piece out with your penknife and I wouldnt cry! In this marriage proposal situation, Dickens makes it look more like a contract in Gradgrinds mind rather than a real marriage because the proposal was offered directly to Gradgrind instead of Louisa herself. Dickens is suggesting that the marriage proposal wasnt really about love but more like a question and an answer, the question I have to ask myself is, shall I marry him? That is so, is it not? Dickens is basically showing that he doesnt agree with marriage at all in the Victorians Times because once people got married, they could not be allowed to get divorced regardless of happiness, family problems or even money etc Dickens doesnt agree with many aspects of Industrialisation at all. He uses many examples to show how Industrialisation affects both the people and the environment. He uses techniques like Imagery and Phonic Pattering to create an impression of the environment and Coketown itself. Firstly in Chapter 11, Dickens uses words like crashing, smashing and tearing of mechanism these words really tells the reader what the industry is like because it creates noises in the readers minds (noise of metals being cut into pieces and the machines roaring) Dickens also uses phrases like monstrous serpents of smoke and melancholy mad elephants doing their heavy exercises to create a picture of what the factories were like (full of pollution and tired workers working in blackened factories. He used these metaphors which were very effective to create an even better image, there wasnt really serpents in the sky but he used those words to make it seem as though there was. And when he uses the phrase, mad elephants, polished and oiled up for the days monotony, were at their heavy exercises again he basically is wanting to compare the elephants to the workers as though they were both at hard work and the same old boring routines everyday. Throughout the introduction of Chapter 11, Dickens has mentioned the word monotonous and it basically means extremely boring. He is trying to make the reader feel sorry for the workers because they have to work very hard and they are surrounded by pollution and also in an extremely dull environment. This shows how depressing lifes the working class had. Dickens also tries to make a point about human nature in this chapter because he makes the machine sound as though they were taking over the workers, there were more and more machines and factories being built which would produce a lot more pollution, in the waste yard outside, the steam from the escape pipe, the litter of barrels and old iron, the ashes everywhere. A way that Dickens uses to help him create the impact of Industrialisation is by describing Coketown itself. In chapter 5, he uses the phrase, it was a town of red brick, or of brick that would have been red if the smoke and ashes had allow it. This suggests that Coketown was absolutely filled with smoke and that buildings were turning black because of it. This gives us a picture of a very dull town and a very polluted town. Another example Dickens uses to show the town was polluted is by saying, serpents of smoke trailed themselves for ever and ever and never got uncoiled. This means that the smoke will never die out and it will last on forever polluting the town. The way Dickens describes Coketown makes it sound extremely tedious, boring and over-filled with waste and pollution. He uses the phrase, large streets all very like on another, small streets still like one another, people like one another, who all went in and out at the same hours, to do the same work everyday. This phrase is really effective because it describes the inhabitants of Coketown, all very similar and even the streets and their type of work are the same, this shows how boring lives were for people in the Victorian Times. Dickens shows us that he totally hates the impact of Industrialisation because all the natural things like trees and land were being replaced with factories and buildings. This was terrible because it produced a large amount of waste and pollution and it turned the whole town into a polluted and hard-working town, saw nothing in Coketown but what was severely workful. He is suggesting that the town is only to do with work and facts and nothing else. Dickens also describes the town as savage which means it is unclean and ferocious, black canal and a river that ran purple with ill smelling dye. This also shows how sickening the town was for people. Dickens uses all these different techniques and phrases to express his views on Industrialisation and it really gives a full picture of how the environment looked like and how dull and boring the workers lives were. Dickens also creates a circus in the novel to show that there was some hope for a bit of joy and entertainment for people and it wasnt just about work but this leads straight on to the different classes between people because in Chapter 2, when Sissy describes her fathers job, Mr Gradgrind (middle class) redefines his job straight away, describe your father as a horse breaker. This starts to show that Gradgrind doesnt like the working class people and he doesnt want anyone to mention anything about them at all, we dont want to know anything about that here Another point Dickens uses to suggest that Gradgrind doesnt like the working class is by saying he keeps his own children in a private study room where they get privately educated whereas the other students just get educated in one big hall. Gradgrind does this in order to keep his children away from the lower class students so they dont get influenced, he doesnt allow them to go anywhere at all so its really like a prison. This shows how much Gradgrind hates the working class people. Dickens shows us that Bounderby doesnt like the working class as well as Gradgrind. He uses a number of phrases to show this, firstly, when Bounderby, Gradgrind and Sissy were walking towards the circus, Sissy talks about what her father does in the circus and when she said they bruise themselves very badly, Bounderby immediately replies, serves them right for being idle. This means that Bounderby thinks the working class are useless and act like fools. Another phrase that Bounderby uses to show that he hates the working class is by saying, you see my friend, we are the kind of people who know the value of time and you are the kind of people who dont know the value of time. Bounderby is basically trying to say that he knows a lot more things that the working class and that he is always right and they are always wrong. It also shows that Bounderby thinks he is more important than them because he has more power. A good example of showing Bounderby as a selfish and bossy person is when he talks to Stephen Blackpool. Bounderby considers him to be in a different class to him and this is partly why Bounderby wouldnt lend him the money to get divorced and because of the fact that he is a bit selfish. All of Bounderbys workers follow what he says but Stephen on the other hand follows what he believes is right and this leads on to Stephen being sacked and thrown out of the group. This reveals that Bounderby likes to control people around and he doesnt like the people obeying his orders. A big difference between the working class and the middle class is the way they talk and treated, example, Stephen Blackpool in the working class doesnt speak properly because there are a lot of contractions in his speech, I ha gone t th brigg whereas Gradgrind and Bounderby in the middle class speak very clearly and understandable. Another example of this is when Bounderby talks to Mr Childers in the circus, the people in the circus all have funny names and strange words and Bounderby didnt understand any of it, nine oils, merrylegs, missing tips, garters, banners and ponging, eh He then takes a great and evil laugh at them because he thinks they are fools and they use words that means nothing to him, with his laugh of laughs, queer sort of company. He shows no respect to them at all and this is how Bounderby treats the working class. Dickens uses all these points to show that he is totally against the way the middle class treats the working class all just because they have less power and less wealth. Overall, Dickens reveals that Victorian Society was a very harsh, unfair and depressing society. He shows he absolutely hated the way the education system was set up because it almost destroyed the innocent lives of the students and all their excitement. Dickens also shows that he totally disagrees with the way the middle class treats the working class and he believes that the middle class were selfish and arrogant whereas the working class lived horrible and unfair lives. Dickens hated the entire industry in Victorian Times because it was filled with pollution and workers lives were downtrodden because they had to work in blackened factories and towns. Dickens also shows that he didnt like the laws of marriage because people were suffering from it and they couldnt get divorced because of the laws. Dickens hated all of these aspects and therefore he created the novel Hard Times to go against it all.

Operation Management - Dubai International Airport Term Paper

Operation Management - Dubai International Airport - Term Paper Example A look at the advantages of TQM reveals that it has been able to be more important than its disadvantages and as such is rapidly being adopted by most firms (BANK, 2000). This study for that reason, sought after examining the application of total quality management in the operations of Dubai International Airport in relation to the following key themes or concepts: globalization, cultural organization of the airport, the decision making process used by the management, relations of financial forecasting and its techniques to TQM, emergency, safety and security, economic significance, and infrastructural developments within the facility (MUKHERJEE, 2006). Introduction Dubai International Airport is an international airport that serves Dubai. As a major airline hub, the airport serves the Middle East as a main airport. This airport is also the home base of most of the international airlines in Dubai such as Emirates, Fly Dubai and Emirates Sky Cargo (HUGOS, 2003). Other international ai rlines have also lined up to be operating from this airport and as such it is an extremely busy airport in the Middle East compared to all other airports. In a month, this airport operates hundreds of thousands of passenger flights to several other destinations in the world. The airport is spread over a large piece of land spanning up to 3500 ha (BOERMEESTER & DURANTE, 2000). The airports ability to handle this huge passenger traffic made it to be ranked the 3rd busiest international airport by international passenger traffic thus, surpassing Hong Kong International airport in the rankings (LI, 2013). Research questions The following questions were the guiding points of this study. i. What effects does the adoption of total quality management by Dubai International Airport have on its operations? ii. What total quality barriers do the organization face in its operations if any? Purpose and significance of the study The purpose of this study is to establish the relevance of total qua lity management policies within the operational actions of Dubai International Airport (REID & SANDERS, 2007). The results of this study are anticipated at benefiting the Middle East economy with regard to airport supervision by contributing to the improvement of knowledge and understanding on the subject area both hypothetically and practically (KETCHEN, 2007). It shall also form the basis on which other researchers can build up their studies in the equivalent or related field in the future. Objective of the study Based on the study’s statement of the problem and the research questions, the validation of this study will based on the main purpose of establishing the impacts of total quality management on the operations of Dubai International Airport and whether these quality management policies have had any influence on the growth trends witnessed in the organization (HANSSON, 2003). Scope of the study The study is prearranged to be conducted during the semester as part of a partial achievement of the course requirements. The study shall be structured into a number of chapters with wide-ranging coverage of the sub-topics done under each chapter. Consequently, the scope of this study shall be restricted to date from the year 2000 with Dubai Internation

Branding Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Branding - Assignment Example Brand positioning is aimed at allocating products and services in certain communicative channels in order to meet the needs of customers. Brand positioning is crucial to any organization because it is able to implement the organization’s objectives, goals, and missions. The purpose of branding and positioning is to give the consumers a clear image of the organization and its products. This also helps an organization maintain its competitive advantage. There are many products in the market that are can be used for the same purpose, branding and positioning make a product unique to the customers which in turn helps customers differentiate one product from that of its competitors’. A good example is seen in the case of toothpastes. Toothpaste brands have increased significantly over the years. The supermarkets are now filled with many brands, each with its own benefits (Segrave, Pg. 28). Colgate, which is toothpaste that has been around for many years and still has a big market share around the world, maintains its market share through branding. Colgate is known for its ability of whiten the teeth, freshen the breath, and strengthen the enamel on the teeth. The company also takes advantage of the red color on its product packages during its TV advertisement. There is more of the red color like the packaging of the toothpaste. The company believes that the color inspires impulse buying because the color causes excitement. The white and red combination in its packaging is eye catching and appealing to the eyes of consumers. This also remains in the minds of the consumer, forming a way of differentiating the products from other toothpastes. This also shows the principles of branding and positioning which is differentiating one product from another. An effective branding gives consumers a perception that there is no other service, product, or company than the brand’s company. Branding helps organization to differentiate their products from those of its